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Albert Hofmann (January 11, 1906 — April 29, 2008) was a Swiss scientist best known for synthesizing lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). Hofmann authored more than 100 scientific articles and wrote a number of books, including LSD: My Problem Child. On January 11, 2006, Hofmann became a centenarian, and the occasion of his 100th birthday was the focus of an international symposium on LSD.Hofmann joined the pharmaceutical department of Sandoz Laboratories (now Novartis), located in Basel. He began studying the medicinal plant squill and the fungus ergot as part of a program to purify and synthesize active constituents for use as pharmaceuticals. While researching lysergic acid derivatives, Hofmann first synthesized LSD-25 in 1938. It was set aside for five years, until April 16, 1943, when Hofmann decided to take another look at it. While re-synthesizing LSD, he accidentally absorbed a small quantity through his fingertips and serendipitously discovered its powerful effects before his bicycle ride home. Three days later, on April 19, Hofmann deliberately consumed 250 micrograms of LSD. This was followed by a series of self-experiments conducted by Hofmann and his colleagues. He first wrote about these experiments on April 22 of that year.Hofmann became director of the natural products department at Sandoz and went on studying hallucinogenic substances found in Mexican mushrooms and other plants used by the aboriginal people. This led to the synthesis of psilocybin, the active agent of many “magic mushrooms.” Hofmann also became interested in the seeds of the Mexican morning glory species Rivea corymbosa, the seeds of which are called Ololiuhqui by the natives. He was surprised to find the active compound of Ololiuhqui, ergine (lysergic acid amide), to be closely related to LSD.In 1962, he and his wife Anita traveled to southern Mexico to search for the plant “Ska Maria Pastora” (Leaves of Mary the Shepherdess), later known as Salvia divinorum. He was able to obtain samples of this plant, now known to contain diterpenoid Salvinorin A.Hofmann called LSD “medicine for the soul” and was frustrated by the worldwide prohibition that has pushed it underground. Albert Hofmann died from a heart attack on April 29, 2008 in the village of Burg im Leimental, near Basel, Switzerland. He was 102.

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The legal status of Psilocybe spores is even more unclear. The spores do not contain both psilocybin and psilocin. Hence, under the United Nations 1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substances it should not be illegal to sell or possess Psilocybe spores. However, this is not always true as some jurisdictions attempt to find other ways to catch Psilocybe spore handlers.

In the year 1973 R. Gordon Wasson, along with Jonathan Ott, Carl Ruck, Danny Staples and Jeremy Bigwood, coined the term “entheogen” to describe psychoactive plants or compounds which can induce a mystical experience.